Converse with history's most consequential thinkers, grounded in their own writing. Every reply cites the page it came from, and the corpus is public-domain text throughout.
Adam Smith, Alfred Adler, Theodor W. Adorno, Anaximander, Elizabeth Anscombe, Anselm of Canterbury, Hannah Arendt, Aristotle, Augustine of Hippo, Marcus Aurelius, J.L. Austin, A.J. Ayer, James Mark Baldwin, Jean Baudrillard, Jeremy Bentham, Henri Bergson, George Berkeley, Alfred Binet, Hugh Blair, Boethius, Nick Bostrom, Edmund Burke, Mary Whiton Calkins, George Campbell, Albert Camus, Rudolf Carnap, David Chalmers, Jean-Martin Charcot, Marcus Tullius Cicero, G. A. Cohen, Confucius, Nicholas of Cusa, Arthur C. Danto, Donald Davidson, Gilles Deleuze, Democritus, Daniel Dennett, Jacques Derrida, René Descartes, John Dewey, Fyodor Dostoevsky, W.E.B. Du Bois, Ronald Dworkin, Hermann Ebbinghaus, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Empedocles, Friedrich Engels, Epictetus, Epicurus, Philippa Foot, Michel Foucault, Gottlob Frege, Sigmund Freud, Francis Galton, René Girard, Kurt Gödel, Gorgias, H. P. Grice, G. Stanley Hall, H.L.A. Hart, G.W.F. Hegel, Martin Heidegger, Heraclitus, Thomas Hobbes, David Hume, Edmund Husserl, Ibn Khaldun, Isocrates, William James, Pierre Janet, Karl Jaspers, Carl Jung, Immanuel Kant, Søren Kierkegaard, Wolfgang Köhler, Emil Kraepelin, Saul Kripke, Peter Kropotkin, Thomas Kuhn, François de La Rochefoucauld, Imre Lakatos, Laozi (Lao Tzu), Gustave Le Bon, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Aldo Leopold, Emmanuel Levinas, David Lewis, C. Lloyd Morgan, John Locke, Niccolò Machiavelli, Alasdair MacIntyre, Maimonides, Herbert Marcuse, Karl Marx, William McDougall, Mencius (Mengzi), Maurice Merleau-Ponty, John Stuart Mill, Michel de Montaigne, G.E. Moore, Hugo Münsterberg, Nāgārjuna, Thomas Nagel, Friedrich Nietzsche, Nishida Kitarō, Robert Nozick, Derek Parfit, Parmenides, Blaise Pascal, Ivan Pavlov, Jean Piaget, Alvin Plantinga, Plato, Plotinus, Karl Popper, W.V.O. Quine, Marcus Fabius Quintilianus, James Rachels, John Rawls, Théodule Ribot, Richard Rorty, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Gilbert Ryle, Jean-Paul Sartre, F.W.J. Schelling, Friedrich Schiller, Arthur Schopenhauer, John Searle, Wilfrid Sellars, Seneca, Henry Sidgwick, Charles Spearman, Oswald Spengler, Baruch Spinoza, Max Stirner, James Sully, Sun Tzu, Edward L. Thorndike, Edward Bradford Titchener, Alan Turing, Margaret Floy Washburn, John B. Watson, Simone Weil, Richard Whately, Alfred North Whitehead, Norbert Wiener, Bernard Williams, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Wilhelm Wundt, Xenophanes, Zhuangzi, Slavoj Žižek